3. Fundamental physical phenomena
3.1 Liquid-solid transition and cooling to room temperature
In the foundry, the metal undergoes a change of physical state from liquid to solid, with restoration of the enthalpy of fusion, and its temperature in the solid state decreases sharply, down to 20°C. The equilibrium diagram describes the structure of a defined mixture of pure substances as a function of temperature (pressure) and concentration. Let's take the case of a mixture of two components A and B. The simplest case is when they form a single solid phase. Figure 11 b shows this diagram, which consists of three areas:
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