5. Conclusion

Effluent treatment is a very important task, and its environmental impact can determine the survival of some companies.

Conventional physico-chemical treatment, which has been practiced for decades, produces effluent that complies with standards if it is carried out under the right conditions: rigorous flow management, effluent compatible with the methods used, well-sized installations, rigorous maintenance and control of installations and equipment, regular monitoring...

Zero liquid discharge" is attractive because it reduces the direct impact of workshops on receiving environments. However, to achieve it, even more stringent flow management is required, along with heavy infrastructures and a cost that is still difficult to assess, especially if it replaces conventional treatment. It does not eliminate all environmental problems, as the...