2. Continuously cast steels: main grades, analytical limitations

Continuous casting delivers a product with the right shape for the intended end product, with as few subsequent hot processes as possible.

There are different types of machine, depending on whether you want to produce flat or long products. Numerous books describe the characteristics of machines and products [7][8][9][10] . Only a few essential features are listed here.

There are vertical machines, vertical machines with bending, and curved machines, as shown in figure 8 . The reasons are a compromise between several...