2. Phase separation operations in pyrometallurgy

Phase separation operations form the basis of industrial processes, and are designed on the basis of theoretical data from physics, chemistry and metallurgical engineering. Tradition and economics also play a role in the design of these operations, and in the quality of the products obtained. Generally speaking, it is rare for a single operation to produce the required quality or optimum yield. Some operations, such as conversion, vacuum metallurgy and distillation, are both extraction and refining operations. The equipment described in this section is the most common. In the section on pyrometallurgy 5