3. Metallurgical properties

As a general rule, the rolled product must be free of internal defects, have a good surface finish, have low dimensional tolerances, and have characteristics such as tensile strength, yield strength, ductility and elongation (with requirements tending to increase).

The diversity of rolling conditions: speed, reduction rate, amplitude and rapidity of temperature variations, lubrication and cooling characterize the transformation of products during rolling, and have a considerable influence on the final metallurgical state of the product (structure and mechanical characteristics).

What's more, the same initial carbon steel can ultimately be used for different applications, depending on the thermal cycle mastered during rolling. This versatility reduces the number of grades cast in the steel mill, and means that all rolling operations can be...