5. Recycling processes

Tin recycling produces so-called secondary tin, i.e. tin obtained from so-called secondary materials in the broadest sense, as opposed to ores and concentrates extracted from natural deposits. These tin-containing materials can be divided into three categories:

• by-products from the metallurgical processing of ores and concentrates: slag, dust, ash, liquation skimmings, precipitates, sludges, salts, cements, etc. ;

• by-products from tin-consuming industries (iron and steel, alloy foundries, semi-finished product manufacturing, electronics, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, etc.): offcuts and scrap, turnings, salts, residues, slag, solutions, etc;

• scrap and miscellaneous waste from finished products after consumption by the market: tin cans, urban waste, electrical and...