2. Chlorination in the absence of oxygen

Corrosion of carbon steels remains limited in pure chlorine for temperatures below 150-200°C. Above that, a rapid increase is observed, corresponding to the volatilization of iron chlorides FeCl ₃ and Fe ₂ Cl ₆ . The addition of chromium or nickel, decreasing the alloy's iron content, reduces corrosion kinetics. Austenitic stainless steels can be used up to 320-430°C. Nickel, which forms a less volatile NiCl ₂ chloride than FeCl ₃ (table 1 ), and Ni-based alloys exhibit low corrosion rates up to 500°C and are widely used in...