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Corrosion of steel reinforcing bars is the main cause of degradation in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. This article presents real corrosion cases, their diagnosis, their repair options and the main lines of prevention.
H-embrittlement remains a problem for mechanical industries. Despite “degassing” heat treatment specifications and standards to avoid time-dependent rupture for quench/temper steel. The minimal heat treatment time depends only on the mechanical strength. The persistence of the problem, it means that the mechanism to avoid the H-embrittlement is not clear. The assumption that the degassing heat treatment might increase the hydrogen amount in the steel matrix is further explore. This article’s objective is to develop a new approach of the heat treatment function.
When a surface is immersed, a fouling phenomenon appears: spontaneous colonization by living organisms takes place. The impacts of the fouling development on submerged surfaces are negative. In order to limit it, "antifouling" paints have been used since the beginning of the 20th century. This work presents the strategies used in 2020. The first sections deals with the main mechanisms used in antifouling coatings, biocide-releasing coatings and fouling release coatings. The last sections will be about new strategies developed to limit environmental impact: hybrid and topographic coatings.
Dissolution, slag infiltration into the porosity of refractories, and erosion of the transformed surface are all mechanisms involved in the degradation of refractories by slag in steelmaking. The examples presented—based on industrial practices—illustrate the corrosion of different families of refractories during the stages of steel production.
A wide variety of refractory materials are used in a steel mill, with approximately 500 commercial grades for consumable refractories alone. This is due to an ongoing effort to optimize their performance and costs. From the upstream to the downstream sections of the plant, several major families of refractories are used, all of which are absolutely essential and whose development has at times been a key factor in the emergence of steelmaking processes—for example, magnesia-carbon bricks for the oxygen-blown converter process in the 1970s. During steel production, slags and temperatures vary significantly across different furnaces and equipment; this is the primary reason why different types of refractories must be used.
This article presents the mechanisms of water-induced alteration of silicate glasses with a special focused on those for nuclear waste containment. It details the influence of various key parameters, such as temperature, pH, and changes in the composition of both the glasses and the solution, on these mechanisms, and explains how the competition between different alteration processes leads to kinetics that may vary over several orders of magnitude. The experimental methods that can be used to quantify the alteration kinetics of glasses are also presented.
Concentrated Solar Power - CSP - systems offer a promising path for large-scale renewable energy, converting solar radiation into electricity via thermal processes. However, their high-temperature operation with molten salt heat transfer fluids presents major corrosion challenges. Impurities, thermal cycling, and mechanical stress degrade key components like pipes and tanks. Effective corrosion management—through material selection, coatings, salt monitoring, and preventive maintenance—is critical for plant reliability and longevity.
This article focuses on carbon capture, transport, and storage - CCTS - technologies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. For the safe and rapid industrial deployment of these processes, significant challenges arise, particularly concerning corrosion risks to infrastructure. Three key aspects are covered: capture processes, transport via pipelines or ships, and storage. For each component of the chain, corrosion risk factors are described, and control measures are identified. Special emphasis is placed on impurity management, which is crucial to prevent the formation of corrosive phases in transport pipelines.
This article discusses the reliability of photovoltaic systems. The first part emphasizes the importance of photovoltaic based electricity, details its operating principle, and highlights the significance of the reliability of the systems. The second and third parts present the composition of a solar power plant and the various climatic stresses that can affect the plant, focusing on the degradation modes affecting the photovoltaic modules. The last part outlines the solutions and key recommendations to mitigate reliability issues in photovoltaic plants.
This article is an introduction to the subject of corrosion resistance, physical properties and mechanical characteristics of stainless steels. Stainless steels are iron alloys containing a minimum of about 11% chromium. It is well known that steel containing at least this amount of chromium is corrosion resistant in many environments. This property based on the passivity phenomenon involves the formation of a very thin barrier at the alloy surface so-called passive film or passive layer. The first part of this article is dealing with corrosion resistance of stainless steels in relation with their chemical composition and their structure. The second part is a comprehensive review of physical properties and mechanical characteristics.
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