1. General
Nickel, a grayish-white metal with yellow highlights, has been known for centuries (used in weapons and coinage), but was only isolated in 1751 by Swedish chemist Axel Frédérick Cronstedt. It is found in the earth's mantle and core (essentially in the form of sulfides, oxides or silicates) or allied to iron in certain meteorites. The largest (mined) deposits are in Canada (Sudbury region), New Caledonia (the French discoverer Jules Garnier gave his name to the ore: Garnierite, (Ni, Mg) SiO 3 .n H 2 O), the former USSR and Australia.
Its use as a pure metal is mainly as a battery component (associated with other metals such as cadmium), in wire form (for wire cloth, for example), in coins or as a catalyst for hydrogenation or chlorination (Paul Sabatier or Raney reduced nickel)....
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General
Deposit study
References
Suppliers (products and/or materials)
(non-exhaustive list)
ATOTECH France
AMPERE INDUSTRIE
BAYER SA
CAPOL Processes
CHAMPOISEAU SA
CORELEC (Sté)
COVENTYA SAS
ELECTRO FINISH (Company)
ENGELHARD CLAL
...
French organizations
CEFRACOR: French Anticorrosion Centre
C.E.M.: Cercle d'Études des Métaux (Metal Study Circle)
CETIM: Technical Center for Mechanical Industries
IFETS: Institut Français de l'Environnement et des Traitements de Surface (French Institute for the Environment and Surface Treatments)
S.A.T.S.: Syndicat National des Entreprises...
Standardization
Association française de normalisation AFNOR
- Méthodes d'essai de corrosion des revêtements métalliques et inorganiques sur substrats métalliques. Cotation des éprouvettes et des articles manufacturés soumis aux essais de corrosion (NF A91-023). - NF EN ISO 10289 - Avr. 2001
- Metal corrosion protection – Electrolytic coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and copper plus nickel plus chromium...
Regulations
At the time of writing, the use of nickel solutions and their release into the environment in surface treatment plants are subject to the regulations set out in the decree of September 26, 1985 (published in the Journal Officiel of November 16, 1985). This decree defines the maximum permissible concentration of various constituents, such as metal ions (chromium, copper, iron, zinc, cadmium, etc.) and other components (cyanides,...
Websites
To find out more about the toxicity of nickel and the measures to take to protect against the risks associated with the use of nickel and its salts, we recommend that you visit the INRS website. http://www.inrs.fr
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