3. Mineral vaccine adjuvants for use in oncology

3.1 Aluminized compounds

Aluminum compounds including aluminum phosphate (AlPO ₄ ), aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH) ₃ ] and alum-precipitated vaccines (potassium aluminum sulfate salt: KAl(SO ₄ ) ₂ · 12H ₂ O) remain the most commonly used adjuvants for human and veterinary vaccines. These adjuvants are formed by co-precipitation with the antigen, or brought into the presence of the antigen after adjuvant synthesis. They are relatively difficult to characterize, and their characteristics can vary.

An example of an aluminum salt-based adjuvant...