1. Optical fiber manufacturing and textile integration
An optical fiber usually consists of two main components: a core and a cladding. To avoid any external influence on light transmission and fiber integrity, a protective layer is sometimes added over the cladding. On the other hand, if the optical fiber is used as a sensor of environmental parameters or to emit light along its length, the fiber is made up of just the two basic components, or even just a core without cladding.
1.1 Light transmission in optical fibers
Light transmission is based on total internal reflection at the core-sheath interface, derived from the Snell-Descartes law:
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