7. Application example

It is not possible here to provide an exhaustive overview of the many applications of refractory ceramics. By way of illustration, we present the example of the steel ladle .

Numerous secondary metallurgical treatments are applied to steel: steel reheating (ladle furnace, aluminothermics), vacuum treatment (tank vacuum, RH), stirring by gas injection through porous plugs or lances, and calming of oxidized steel by introducing reducing metals (Al, Si) into the steel ladle. These metallurgical treatments follow one another during the steel casting process. The conditions in the ladle,...