6. Conclusion

Ultra-refractory ceramics, despite their relatively early discovery, are still in their infancy. Indeed, only a few compositions have been predominantly studied, such as ZrB ₂ -SiC and HfB ₂ -SiC, and there are still many possibilities for the development of compositions stable at very high temperatures under severe conditions (low pressure, ultra-high vacuum, in the presence of atomic, ionic species...). New SiC-free compositions, new production methods such as additive manufacturing, and oxidation studies under simulation conditions representative of applications are therefore needed to make progress on the development of new ultra-refractory ceramics. In addition to aerospace, the field of high-temperature applications is very open in the energy sector (nuclear, solar).

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