1. Calendering parameters

1.1 Operating conditions and parameters

Various parameters describe the calendering conditions. We refer to these parameters as "calender operating parameters", or "calender parameters".

These are :

• linear force ;

• the temperature of the metal rollers ;

• calendering speed ;

• the number of nips ;

• the nature of the elastic rollers.

The nature, temperature and humidity of the paper prior to nip are also important factors in controlling the process. It should be pointed out that each type of calender, presented in document