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Wood discovered during archaeological excavations shows a much degraded structure, due to the dramatic reduction of its biodegradable constituents, i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose, in subaquatic or terrestrial media. Waterlogging occurs after centuries of immersion. For conservation purposes, it is essential to consolidate these objects for subsequent handling, research or display in museums. This article describes the behavior of this unusual material, and all the operations needed for its stabilization and restoration.
Wood, a material derived from trees, a living organism, intrinsically possesses natural properties (mechanical, physical, chemical, etc.) that are currently exploited in technological uses for multiple industrial sectors (construction, insulation, paper, furniture, etc.). But wood is also one of the first materials used by humans. Is there any trace left in humans of this ancestral relationship? It seems that human health benefits from the presence and use of wood in daily life (habitat, food, sensations, etc.). This article offers a synthesis of the main scientific works conducted on the subject since the beginning of the 2000s.
Among the uses of cellulose nanomaterials, polymeric nanocomposites are certainly the one with the strongest interest. This is related to the structural function of cellulose. With a high modulus and a large specific surface area, cellulose nanomaterials can significantly improve the mechanical properties of polymers. However, as for any nanomaterial, the homogeneous dispersion of these nanoparticles is difficult and presents a major challenge. This article describes the strategies for the processing of these nanocomposites described in the literature, as well as the properties of the obtained materials.
Cellulose is the structural component in plants, where it occurs as crystalline microfibrils that have axial physical properties approaching those of perfect crystals. This morphological feature allows the extraction of nanoparticles. Multiple mechanical shearing actions allow the release of variably individualized microfibrils. Longitudinal cleavage of these microfibrils can be achieved by a strong acid hydrolysis treatment. This article describes the processes for obtaining these nanomaterials, their morphology and their potential markets. A Young's modulus in the range 100–130 GPa and a specific surface area of several hundred m2.g-1 lend nanometric cellulose promising properties.
Advances in polymer synthesis allow the preparation of complex architectures such as dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers with terminal functional groups. These polymers are attracting the attention of researchers due to their high functionality, high solubility and low viscosity. They are known as being effective hardeners for thermosetting resins such as epoxies or vinyl ester… This article focuses on the use of different dendrimers and hyperbranched agents as resins modifiers for bonding wood, on one hand, and also as a crosslinking agent in tannin foams on the other hand.
This article deals with wooden packaging, consisting of pallets and pallet boxes, light packaging and industrial boxes. First, the physical and mechanical properties of wood species and derived materials used for the manufacture of packaging, as well as their conditions of use, are presented. The different types of packaging are then described and their manufacturing principles detailed. The second part of this article focuses on the environmental aspects of packaging and its integration into the concept of the circular economy. Finally, the wood packaging market is presented through the key figures of the sector.
This article is dedicated to the biological agents of wood degradation, to the natural durability of wood towards these agents, as well as to the wood preservation methods, french legislation, and wood finishing products.
In addition to dates, the date palm offers a wide range of agricultural by-products, ranging from basketry crafts to construction timber and animal feed. The enormous amounts of fibrous material in the form of stipe and palm, poor quality dates and seeds are thrown into the environment. These wastes hold immense potential as a raw material that can be used in several areas, namely construction, furnishings, energy production and storage, food, pharmaceutical and biological. This article presents the various researches on biomass exploitation based on the date palm.
This article deals with the improvement in the resistance of the 2-piece welding plane by the laminar bonding technique: the welding of wood. The bond between the wooden parts is formed in a few seconds. No additives are used to create the bond. Older studies found that the use of welded wood was limited to indoor use because of its low water resistance. There is thus an interest in overcoming this limitation, either by modifying the welding parameters, namely the vibration frequency, the welding time and the effect of the formation of natural splices, or by using ecological products such as rosin and citric acid.
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