3. Clear water applications in paper mills

3.1 Power generation

Energy in paper mills is used in the form of steam and electricity.

Steam is mainly used for steam boxes, drying cylinders and starch cooking (figure 2 ). It can also be used to heat fibrous suspensions by direct injection. It is produced from condensate returning from the drying cylinders and from a clear water make-up to compensate for steam losses and boiler blowdown. The water required for steam production requires advanced treatment with softeners (filter and ion exchange resins) or demineralization chains (filter and reverse osmosis).