2. Methods for laboratory assessment of scaling phenomena

2.1 Controlled rapid precipitation

Also known as Fast Controlled Precipitation (FCP), this is a non-electrochemical method, based on the moderate degassing of CO ₂ dissolved in water so as to gradually raise the supersaturation coefficient of the study solution. Thanks to the moderate agitation of the water, the calco-carbonic equilibria shift towards the formation of solid calcium carbonate in solution. In this way, the germination and precipitation of CaCO ₃ approximates the conditions encountered in nature or industrial circuits including semi-open cooling systems.

It simultaneously monitors changes in pH and resistivity over time.

In other words,...