4. Treatment plant efficiency

4.1 General considerations

This involves the physico-chemical treatment of waste from various branches of industry.

It should be noted that physico-chemical treatment alone may constitute the entire wastewater treatment process, or it may be only an intermediate or final stage in a more complex treatment plant.

Experience gained at numerous physico-chemical plants of all sizes has shown that process efficiency is largely dependent on :

• physico-chemical characteristics of industrial effluents (which vary widely from one wastewater to another);

• the nature and doses of reagents used in effluent conditioning ;

• the technological...