8. Conclusion

This article discusses physicochemical treatments for removing dissolved compounds—whether inorganic or organic, and whether simple or complex in chemical structure—from natural freshwater sources used as feedwater in industrial processes. We therefore find here (and in the similar article on particulate matter) technologies that are also used in the treatment of drinking water, and even in the purification of aqueous effluents (urban and industrial), particularly for the recycling or reuse of these waters.

The treatment objectives depend largely on the type of raw water to be treated, the water’s intended use, and the relevant regulations. These may involve the removal of undesirable dissolved natural compounds, such as natural gas (aeration or degassing), excessively high hardness and alkalinity (softening and decarbonation) or excessively low levels (remineralization),...