4. Machine learning applications in numerical simulation

The example given in the previous section shows that modeling and data analysis go hand in hand: in this sense, the coupling between models and data analysis algorithms (in the broadest sense) is an integral part of numerical simulation. However, the spectacular development of machine learning techniques means that these algorithms can be used in a much wider range of applications (see figure 29 in the appendix). The following sections provide an overview of the possible uses and hybridizations of computer simulation and machine learning. Most of the proposed examples are drawn from numerical simulation in fluid mechanics and structural mechanics