6. Massively parallel data analysis

Despite the enormous progress made in deciphering genomes, thanks to the automation of DNA sequencing protocols in the 1990s, biologists were still only able to perform genetic analyses on a few genes at a time at the dawn of the 2000s.

It was then that the development of microarray technology brought about a new revolution, enabling the simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of thousands of genes in a single experiment [15] . This new type of data, obtained in massively parallel fashion, triggered the emergence of a radically new branch of bioinformatics dedicated to its analysis. Other approaches aimed at the global analysis of protein-protein interactions in the cell have consummated the divorce between traditional bioinformatics, seen as "reductionist", and the...