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Gold nanoparticles possess a set of properties that come from the element Gold, their nanometric size and their particulate nature as well as their functionalization. By playing on the size, shape and composition of gold-based nanostructures, it is possible to adapt their behavior for medical applications covering the fields of biodetection, medical imaging and therapy.Through a synthesis of the immense production of papers devoted to gold nanoparticles, revealing the craze and hopes placed in them, this article highlights the potential of gold nanoparticles for medical applications.
Abstract : Assistance at home in SEPCAC (Surveillance, Education and Personalized Computer-Assisted Care) offers many useful applications for monitoring elderly people on their place of residence. This technology allows, among other things, the detection of a fall, a malaise or an pathologic episode requiring intervention, the monitoring of a stabilized state or a gradual entry into a pathology needing the observation of a certain number of symptoms.After an inventory of the various existing sensors in SEPCAC and their virtual environments, this article questions the ethical scope of these technologies and offers a path for reflection on future advances.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) belong to a class of bioderived polyesters. They are produced by a large number of microorganisms for energy storage purposes. Through the use of different carbon substrates, culture conditions and careful selection of bacterial species a large variety of such biopolymers can be reached. Due to specific properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility PHA are expected to find applications in biomedical area in the near future. Due to its large and still unknown biodiversity, marine environment suggested itself as a source of novel PHA producing microorganisms.
Geographical location of provides important information for identifying the risk factors involved in the emergence and spread of a health phenomenon. Spatial analysis in epidemiology is the set of analytical techniques that use the spatial distribution of a phenomenon to identify the risk factors and characterise the processes involved. This article describes the main spatial analysis methods and tools used in epidemiology and health geography.
This article describes the principles and the different techniques of spatial analysis for epidemiology and health geography: mapping, analysis of heterogeneity and spatial continuity, trends, homogeneous areas, cluster detection, geometries, spatial-temporal analysis, etc. Spatial analysis is also used in the development of many applications: modelling of epidemics, warning systems, crisis management systems, risk prevention and analysis systems, vaccination campaigns, and surveys.
Bone remodeling depends largely on the mechanical properties of the implant. This article aims to present the interest of titanium alloys with low elastic modulus for medical applications such as implants and prostheses. In chapter 1 are recalled briefly the biochemical and mechanical aspects at the bone/implant interface. Chapter 2 provides the chronological evolution of the development of titanium alloys for medical applications. Chapter 3 describes the various formulation approaches leading to obtain new titanium alloys with low elastic modulus. The mechanical behavior of titanium alloys is presented in the 4th chapter. The optimization strategies are presented in the 5th chapter.
Increasingly stringent environmental and regulatory constraints on chemicals (REACH), together with effluent disposal concerns, have prompted new cleaning processes and solutions (dry vapor, plasma, dry ice, etc.). Among these, the dry cleaning of mechanical parts or medical devices using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC) CO2 emerges as one of the most promising and efficient processes from the point of view of cleaning levels reached but also of economic, environmental and safety performance. This paper highlights the potential of SC CO2 cleaning, which could in the near future become the standard method for cleaning medical implants and mechanical parts.
This article aims to study the technique of propulsion and the ergonomic aspects of the settings of the arm-crank wheelchair, also called handbike (HB). Propulsion in HB appears to be more efficient and less constraining than propulsion in hand rim wheelchair. The data collected helps to create a reverse kinematic model and to simulate the propulsion in HB for testing several crank positions in space. In conclusion, the biomechanical study of HB propulsion contributes to understand the specific pattern of this movement and to choose ergonomic settings by the users of this mode of locomotion.
The purpose of this article is to examine the propulsion technique and the ergonomic aspects of the wheelchair adjustments (in accordance with its user) in order to improve performance and reduce the risk factors of injury associated with this mode of propulsion. This article is based on a conceptual model illustrating the main factors influencing the ergonomics of sports wheelchair performance. This conceptual model demonstrates the need for an interdisciplinary approach by highlighting the biomechanical factors associated with the “sport-user wheelchair” interaction that ultimately influence the ergonomics of wheelchair sports performance.
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