2. Vision sensor technologies: areas of operation, strengths, weaknesses, advantages, limitations

2.1 Operating range under stress: operating ranges and disruptors

A perception system, whether embedded in a vehicle or integrated into infrastructure, must be designed to operate safely and reliably under the conditions defined by its ODD. These conditions include the system's functions (such as obstacle detection and tracking or markings recognition), the characteristics of the road environment, and the surrounding infrastructure. To ensure this reliability, the system must be able to perceive its environment effectively while remaining robust in the face of weather disturbances such as sunlight, rain, snow, or fog, as well as other environmental constraints. Figure