9. Conclusion

Electrotechnical and electronic applications have now taken over every component of the railway system. After being largely specific for many decades – special frequency power supply, direct current motor – rail traction uses without exception technologies developed by the entire industry: industrial frequency power supply, asynchronous motor.

The technologies used to control – rolling stock, as well as operating, signalling and car and wagon management systems, are based on computerization and the use of advanced communication techniques.

To meet the profitability and cost targets imposed by all economic players, and to be "interoperable", railroads have ceased to be a mosaic of particularisms, and have benefited from all the developments in electrical engineering.