6. Conclusion and outlook

While for icing conditions corresponding to FAR Annex C, ice shape modeling on the one hand, and wind tunnel test conditions on the other, are fairly well mastered, the same cannot be said for SLD and mixed conditions. As far as codes and wind tunnels are concerned, there is still room for improvement. For SLD conditions, thermal equilibrium of the drop (drop having the same temperature as the surrounding air) can generally not be achieved: a 20 μm drop travels 12 cm before reaching this equilibrium, a 200 μm drop (drizzle) 12 m and a raindrop (2 mm) 120 m. What's more, technological advances are not helping to simplify the problem. These include, but are not limited to

• the widespread use of composite materials will prohibit hot-air anti-icing in its current form: air leaving the picolo at a temperature of 200°C, whereas the composites used...