3. Modeling hot air or electric anti-icing

Evaporation is the most important part of modeling dry (total evaporation) or wet (partial evaporation) anti-icing systems. Various models are presented. Two physical models exist:

• a model based on the gross difference in mass concentration (in fact all models except Spalding), coupled with the Colburn-Chilton analogy for the transfer coefficient. Various simplifying assumptions are made to arrive at a final formulation, but the basic physics remains the same;

• a model based on a diffusion law, integrated on a plane Couette flow (Spalding model).

The main models used are described below.