1. Jet fuel from petroleum refining

1.1 Aviation jet fuel

Until the Second World War, aircraft were powered by spark-ignition engines running on gasoline. Today, all civil transport and military aircraft, as well as the vast majority of helicopters, are equipped with turbines (turboprops, turbojets) and run on a specific fuel: jet fuel. Only light leisure aircraft and a few small helicopter models still run on a high-octane gasoline that differs from automotive gasoline. This gasoline, called Avgas 100L (Avgas stands for Aviation Gasoline), is a specific grade derived from formulations developed during the Second World War, with a motor octane rating of over 100, notably higher than for land transport (the motor octane rating of SP 95 motor gasoline is at least 85). However, this fuel represents only a very small part...