5. Conclusion

The fight against climate change is now one of the major challenges of this century. It will undoubtedly require, at the very least, rethinking and building new modes of production and adopting consumption choices – or even society – different from those we know today. In particular, it will require a far-reaching energy transition for the industrial sectors responsible for GHG emissions.

The maritime sector is affected by these ecological and energy issues in more ways than one: operating over a large part of the world's oceans – which, as atmospheric regulators, vulnerable to pollution, sources of renewable energy (wind, currents) and home to a large proportion of the planet's biodiversity –, the sector is both indispensable to current economic activity and has a significant ecological and energy impact.

The maritime energy transition...