3. Increasingly stringent shipping regulations

3.1 Ambitious global policy objectives

Adopted by 196 countries at COP 21 on December 12, 2015, and entered into force on November 4, 2016, the Paris Agreement set itself the target of limiting global warming, by the end of the century, to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, compared with pre-industrial levels – whereas current projections show a trajectory likely to exceed 2°C, if all the political measures decided upon are effectively implemented. The text is presented as an important milestone in the multilateral process to combat climate change, as it brings all nations together for the first time in a legally binding framework around a common cause, to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects.

To achieve this long-term...