8. Conclusion

In this article, we have attempted to take stock of the various techniques available for characterizing ceramics. To avoid the pitfall of presenting all existing techniques in the form of a catalog, we have tried to give one or more methods for analyzing ceramic material, depending on the property being analyzed. This presentation is associated with a description of each technique, which could only be very brief to avoid weighing down the content, the emphasis being on what to expect from the methods presented, in order to help the experimenter choose the one best suited to his or her problem.

Over the last few decades, the range of characterization methods has expanded considerably to meet the technical requirements of the various players in the ceramics field, i.e. researchers, manufacturers and users of this type of material. As a result, the price of "conventional"...