5. Conclusion and outlook

It is difficult to give an exhaustive account of the evolution of a technique as specific as GC-MS/MS coupling, whose development spans some forty years. However, it is clear that the efforts made by manufacturers, combined with fundamental studies carried out by specialized university laboratories, have enabled this technique to be fully mastered, and have led to its implementation in most laboratories working in the field of trace analysis and characterization. The introduction of GC-MS/MS coupling has greatly enhanced the performance of chromatographic methods, reducing detection limits and facilitating the identification of analytes in increasingly complex matrices. While LC-MS/MS coupling has also enjoyed exceptional growth over the last twenty years, with considerable instrumental improvements, GC-MS/MS coupling remains the essential complementary method for completing environmental...