1. General description of biosensors

1.1 Origin

In 1962, Clark developed the first model of a glucose biosensor. (figure ). For the first time, an analytical detection method combined an electrochemical device (an oxygen electrode) with a component of biological origin, an enzyme (glucose oxidase). The glucose present around the electrode was degraded by glucose oxidase into gluconolactone, in a reaction that consumed a molecule of molecular oxygen O ₂ . Clark then used an electrochemical cell to reduce the O _...