4. Implantable biosensors in neuroscience

Neuroscience is the second major field of application for implantable biosensors. Indeed, chemical communication between neurons is the basis of our brain's functioning. This chemical communication takes place via the release of molecules called neurotransmitters into the extracellular environment. Detecting these neurotransmitters in the brain is therefore one of the keys to understanding the chemistry of the central nervous system. This detection was first achieved by extracellular medium sampling techniques such as microdialysis, which is still a reference method in neurochemistry. More recently, several neurotransmitters have been detected by electrochemical sensors or biosensors. The introduction of these new techniques has helped change the way scientists view brain function.