2. Physical concepts
The physical phenomena involved in LIBS are numerous and complex. They are not yet sufficiently understood to allow a complete modeling of the process. We present here a simplified vision, commonly accepted by the LIBS community, describing qualitatively the main phenomena involved. This information is useful for understanding the process, but is not fundamental for carrying out analyses.
2.1 Laser ablation
In order to ablate matter, it is necessary to use a power density (or illuminance) I (in GW/cm 2 ) greater than a certain threshold:
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Physical concepts
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