2. Instrumentation

2.1 Synchrotron radiation

Nuclear resonant scattering experiments are based on powerful hard X-ray synchrotron radiation (SR) sources, currently available at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in Argonne (USA), the Super Photon ring-8 GeV (SPring-8) in Harima (Japan) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble (France). An overview of synchrotron radiation is provided in the article . This RS is emitted by charged particles (electrons or positrons) accelerated to near-light speed in synchrotrons. Here, we focus on the properties essential for resonant nuclear scattering experiments. Figure