4. Conclusion

The multitude of important applications for nanomaterials in modern and future devices, the continuing advances in experimental techniques, theory and computation, and the many unsolved fundamental questions, ensure that micro and nanothermics will remain a very active field of study for many years to come.

The majority of industrial sectors are today concerned by nanotechnologies and the need for multi-scale characterization, including at nanometric scale, of the thermal behavior and its coupling with other behaviors (electrical, mechanical, optical...) of systems. For micro and nano scales, methods for characterizing temperature and/or thermal properties are already available. Their advantages and limitations are shown in tables 3 and 4 ....