1. Societal and normative context
Over the last century, radio frequencies have found numerous applications, notably in communications and defense. Radiofrequency heating has also been used successfully in industrial, medical and food applications. As radio frequency sources and their power have increased, so have the potential risks associated with human exposure to electromagnetic fields, necessitating the development of appropriate safety regulations and standardized exposure measurement and assessment techniques.
The safety standard for exposure to electromagnetic fields, used in many European countries, is the "Guide to the establishment of exposure limits to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields – Alternating fields (time-varying frequencies up to 300 GHz)". This standard, published by the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) in 1998, is also used...
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Societal and normative context
Basics of electromagnetism
Bibliography
Websites
Radio frequency portal – health – environment
http://www.radiofrequences.gouv.fr/
(page consulted on July 3, 2015)
Standards and norms
Guide for setting exposure limits to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields – Alternating fields (time-varying frequency, up to 300 GHz, ICNIRP 1998.
- IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz. - IEEE Standard C95.1-2005 -
- Human exposure to radiofrequency fields produced by wireless communication devices...
Regulations
Directive 2013/35/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 26, 2013 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields).
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