1. Natural structural materials

We have long observed nature, first to understand how it works, and then to draw inspiration from it in a wide variety of fields. In materials science, the study of natural materials allows us to observe the result of millions of years of evolution in order to find an optimum solution to a problem with multiple constraints. Indeed, every natural material must meet structural constraints, such as resisting impact or predator attack, but also functional constraints, such as ensuring fluid transport or producing colors in the case of camouflage. In this first part, we present a brief description of the materials and common solutions for those most studied for their remarkable structural performance in relation to the properties of their components.