5. Conclusion

Since the early 1970s, warnings about the dangers of the Western economic model of growth for the sustainability of human life on Earth have multiplied. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, the concept of "sustainable development" was intended to provide a response by reconciling the economy with environmental protection and social issues. Since the 1990s, the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has shown the progression of global warming, mainly due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to human activities. Since the turn of the 2010s, faced with the immense climate challenge, the term "transition" has become prevalent, particularly the phrase "energy transition" given the importance of energy consumption in GHG emissions. However, this focus obscures the problem of increasing energy consumption and the social and cultural dimensions of this consumption. The phrases...