6. Conclusion

Environmental liability for businesses is, after all, still a relatively recent concept. It has the merit of existing and advancing the law. As such, it extends beyond the private sphere alone. Indeed, the provisions of the Civil Code (Articles 1248 and 1249) have been applied by administrative courts to hold the French State liable for its failure to meet the targets it set for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (climate) (TA Paris, February 3, 2021, Nos. 1904967, 1904968, 1904972, 1904976/4-1: “Affaire du siècle”) .

However, only time will tell whether the provisions of the Civil Code will be frequently...