5. Permaculture: an international movement

5.1 Permaculture around the world and in France

Permaculture is now present on every continent in over 120 countries. In 2017, the website [ http://permacultureglobal.org ] referenced nearly 2,500 permaculture achievements and estimated the number of projects led by NGOs or associations at around 4,000, including 140 humanitarian projects worldwide.

Following the seminal work of Australians Mollison and Holmgren in the late 1970s, permaculture first spread to English-speaking industrialized countries. In the 1980s, it spread there as part of an informal movement of people with projects aimed at increasing individual, family or community self-sufficiency in response to...