6. Outlook

Vine polyphenols are abundant. They play essential roles in plant life, particularly in defense mechanisms. Moreover, grapes, both fresh and dried, are widely consumed by humans, as are their derivatives, grape juice and wine. They also contain large quantities of polyphenols of very varied natures. Like other phytophenols, resveratrol from grapes and wine is considered a protective micronutrient, like flavonoids, epicatechins from green tea or cocoa, quercetin from apples and onions, curcumin from turmeric root, or hydroxytyrosol from olive oil