1. Lithium-ion battery technologies

1.1 Operating principle

A lithium-ion battery pack consists of several lithium-ion batteries connected in series or parallel. Each one generally delivers 12 V, and is itself made up of cells connected in series. Each cell delivers 3 to 4 V [AF 6 612] . Battery cells come in three different formats: cylindrical, prismatic and pocket.

The lithium-ion battery works on the reversible exchange of lithium ion between a positive and a negative electrode. The positive electrode is usually...