3. The panoply of environmental strategies

Since the early 1990s, numerous studies have attempted to identify the different types of strategies developed by companies in response to environmental issues, and to classify them into homogeneous categories. Empirical studies carried out at the time on different samples of companies and using analysis criteria that varied from one author to the next, enabled environmental strategies to be classified into four or five categories, with many common features in terms of the characteristics specific to each (Crosbie and Knight ; Koechlin and Müller