1. The four main treatment families

There are several classic techniques for the most common cases of pollution. They can be classified into four main families:

• off-site treatment: waste, soil and polluted water are excavated and evacuated to a suitable treatment center (incinerator, technical landfill, soil or polluted water treatment center);

• in situ treatment: the soil is left in place. The pollutant is either extracted and treated on the surface, degraded in the soil or fixed in the soil. Water can also be treated in situ;

• on-site treatment: polluted soil and water are extracted and treated on site. Treated soil can be left on site or disposed of after treatment;

• containment: polluted soil, water or waste is left on site. Work consists in preventing the migration of pollutants...