1. Issues driving agroecology

1.1 Necessary transitions to achieve sustainability of practices and resources

On August 1 2024, on a global scale, we had already consumed all the natural resources our planet is capable of replenishing in a year. In 1971, this virtual date was only reached at the very end of December. This so-called "Earth Overshoot Day", whose date is calculated by the Global Footprint Project, is a striking illustration of the existence of planetary limits, and of the fact that in 2024, humanity will have used up the natural capital necessary to sustain life on Earth for five months, living on credit, as it were, against the planet's biocapacity. To regenerate what has been consumed, we would need 1.7 Earths in terms of surface area. The dates vary widely from country...