5. Conclusion

Contrary to the widespread analogy between herbivores and "ecological lawnmowers", grazing for the ecological maintenance of green and semi-natural areas – or eco-grazing – is a complex practice that calls on a variety of as yet little synthesized and formalized knowledge. Knowledge of the environment, of the specific characteristics of each species and breed of animal, and of pastoral techniques are all prerequisites for successfully producing beneficial effects on the soil without compromising the health of the herbivores.

Paradoxically, not all eco-grazing is ecological or biodiversity-friendly. There are many cases of poor grazing practices, and often a lack of tangible evidence of beneficial effects on biodiversity. The main reason for this is the emergence of a professional specialization in eco-grazing. Over the last ten years, the number of private eco-grazing...