3. Herbivorous animals for sustainable cities

3.1 Urban grazing: a new management tool for green spaces in France

In France, the advent of a policy of ecological transition is prompting planning stakeholders to rethink the cohabitation of humans and animals, particularly in cities where the presence of wild and domestic animals has been tightly controlled and regulated since the 20th century. Renaturalization policies, the introduction of green and blue belts and the recreation of natural habitats are all part of these urban policies, which mainly concern wild animal life. Livestock, for their part, are integrated into environmental policies less for their mere presence than for the ecological services they provide to the rest of animal and plant biodiversity through grazing. In France's metropolises, urban eco-grazing is a sign...