2. Impact of parks, rooftops and urban agriculture on soil biodiversity

2.1 Characterization of urban development

Cities are characterized by a large number of developments that meet a variety of needs, some of which have non-waterproofed soils that are voluntarily or involuntarily vegetated. These vegetated urban soils are classically grouped under the term "green spaces". A number of typologies have been proposed to clarify the situation. The most widely used is that established by the AITF (Association des Ingénieurs Territoriaux de France) in the 1990s, which comprises...