Installation constraints

Good practice in plant design is essential for proper operation and longevity. Essential advice and references are provided for each individual case.

As far as circuits are concerned, it is useful to distinguish between problems that are specific to them:

• closed circuits (closed air-conditioning, heating and cooling circuits);

• open circuits (where water passes through only once);

• semi-open circuits (recycling to a cooling tower with make-up, evaporation and deconcentration purge);

• steam production facilities.

It's by taking all these parameters...